A lokacin tsarin samarwa, wipes masu ruwa suna da sauƙin gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta saboda dalilai daban-daban, don haka dole ne a ƙara kayan kiyayewa don hana girman ƙwayoyin cuta.

Gurɓataccen kwayoyin cuta na wipes masu ruwa

(I) Tushen gurɓataccen kwayoyin cuta na wipes masu ruwa

Tun da wipes masu ruwa suna da wadataccen kayan aiki daban-daban, suna samar da kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma mamayar ƙwayoyin cuta ba za a iya guje wa ba yayin samarwa da amfani da wipes masu ruwa.

1. Gurɓataccen tsarin samarwa (daga albarkatun kasa zuwa samfuran)

Hakanan an san shi da gurɓataccen asali, gurɓataccen albarkatun kasa na wipes masu ruwa shine babban dalilin gurɓataccen asali. Kasuwancin da ke da matukar sauƙin gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta sune kayan tsire-tsire na halitta da abubuwan da suka samo, kamar abubuwan da suka samo daga aloe vera, chamomile, Centella asiatica, ginseng, da sauransu. Wadannan albarkatun kasa sun samo su ne daga yanayi kuma suna da wadataccen abubuwan gina jiki, kuma suna da matukar sauƙi ga gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta na waje. Sauran kayan albarkatun kasa waɗanda za su iya gurbata ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da: masana'antun da ba a saka su ba, abubuwan da ke faruwa, da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, ya kamata a mai da hankali musamman ga ruwa. Ana amfani da ruwan musayar ion a cikin samar da wipes masu ruwa. Tun da aka cire chlorine mai aiki, ƙwayoyin cuta suna da sauƙi su gurbata shi.

2. gurɓataccen kayan aiki da kayan aikin samarwa

Misali, tankunan ajiya, masu haɗuwa, belts masu jigilar kaya, kayan marufi, da sauransu na iya tara ƙwayoyin cuta.

3. Gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin yanayin samarwa

Microorganisms a cikin iska galibi suna haifar da ƙura da ke tashi daga ƙasa; Bugu da ƙari, samar da mutane da ayyukan yau da kullun na iya haifar da yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta su shiga iska.

((1) Jirgin sama na masana'antu: Akwai yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu jurewa da bushewa, yist da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin iska na masana'antu. Za a iya keɓe Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium da sauran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daga iska; Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Pulla, Mucor da kuma yisti za a iya ware su.

(2) Ma'aikatan samarwa: Jikin mutum yana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a cikin yanayinsa na al'ada, kuma ana iya kawo waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta cikin shiri daga ma'aikatan samarwa.

((II) Ci gaba da haifuwar kwayoyin cuta a cikin wipes masu ruwa

1. dangantaka tsakanin abinci mai gina jiki abubuwa na wet wipes da microorganisms

Gidajen da ke da ruwa suna da kayan albarkatun kasa iri-iri, waɗanda ke samar da tushen carbon da ake buƙata, tushen nitrogen da ma'adanai don girma da haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta.

2. dangantaka tsakanin danshi a cikin ruwa wipes da microorganisms

Danyi wani abu ne mai ƙayyade wanda ke ƙayyade ko ƙwayoyin cuta na iya girma kuma yana shafar yawan girmansu. Ruwa kuma muhimmin albarkatun kasa ne don samar da wipes masu ruwa da kuma kyakkyawan mai narkewa. Yawancin wipes masu zafi suna da yawan zafi, wanda ke taimakawa ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta.

3. dangantaka tsakanin pH, zafi, da dai sauransu na ruwa wipes da microorganisms

Kwayoyin cuta suna girma yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaka tsaki da ɗan alkali (pH6-8), ƙwayoyin suna girma yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaka tsaki da ɗan acidic (pH4-6), kuma pH na wipes masu ruwa shine kimanin 4-7, wanda ya dace da girman ƙwayoyin cuta.

Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta na mesophilic shine 20 ℃-40 ℃, kuma 37 ℃ shine mafi kyawun zafin jiki don yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na girma ga yawancin kayan kwalliya da yist shine 20 ℃-30 ℃, wanda a zahiri daidai yake da zafin jiki don samarwa, adanawa da amfani da wipes masu ruwa.

Dukkanin abubuwan da ke sama suna haifar da yanayi don ƙwayoyin cuta su tsira kuma su sake haifuwa a cikin wipes masu ruwa.

((III) Halayen gurɓataccen wipes mai ruwa

1. Gidajen da ke da ruwa suna ƙunshe da wasu ruwa, carbon da nitrogen don haɓaka da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yawancin su tsaka tsaki ne, ɗan alkali ko ɗan acid, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan yanayi don haɓaka da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta. A cewar binciken, wannan nau'in wipes mai ruwa yana da mafi girman gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta mafi gurɓataccen. Ƙididdigar ganowa tana da yawa ga coliforms na fecal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, da Staphylococcus aureus. Bugu da ƙari, an gano Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella aeruginosa, Salmonella, Enterobacter, da sauransu.

2. Gidajen da ke da ruwa ba kawai suna da wadataccen ruwa ba, har ma suna da abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar furotin da aka yi amfani da shi, polyols, bitamin, da sauransu.

3. Gurɓataccen cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cut Da zarar kwayoyin cuta suka gurbata, zai haifar da mummunan sakamako.

((IV) Bayanan gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta na wipes masu ruwa

Kayan albarkatun kasa da ƙarin abubuwa a cikin wipes masu ruwa suna ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na magungunan abinci da ruwa, gami da tushen carbon, nitrogen da ruwa da ake buƙata don girma da haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta. A karkashin yanayin zafi da zafi masu dacewa, ƙwayoyin cuta za su girma kuma su sake haifuwa a cikin wipes masu ruwa, suna sha, rushewa da lalata ingantattun kayan aiki a cikin wipes masu ruwa. Za su lalace, ƙura da lalacewa. Za a iya gano lalacewar wipes masu ruwa da sauƙi daga canje-canje masu bayyane a launinsu, wari da tsari.

(1) Canje-canje a launi. Microorganisms masu launi da marasa launi suna girma kuma suna fitar da pigments a cikin metabolites su zuwa wipes masu ruwa. Misali, ƙwayoyin cuta na T-4 da suka fi yawa suna haifar da wipes masu ruwa don samar da launin rawaya, baƙar fata ko launin toka har ma da ƙanshi.

(2) Canje-canje a cikin wari. Abubuwan da ƙwayoyin cuta ke samarwa, kamar amines da sulfides, suna fitar da ƙanshi, har ma da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya lalata acids na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wipes masu ruwa don samar da iskar gas mai acid, wanda ke sa wipes masu ruwa da ƙwayoyin cuta suka gurbata suna fitar da ƙanshi mai ruwa.

((3) Enzymes a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta (kamar enzymes na desmolysis) na iya hydrolyze lipids da sunadarai a cikin wipes masu ruwa, karya emulsions, da haifar da stratification, thinning, da kuma ruwan ruwa. Ruwan ruwa zai fuskanci turbidity da sauran canje-canje na tsari.

Rashin lalacewar wipes masu ruwa ba kawai zai haifar da canje-canje a launi ba, ƙanshi, da dandano. Ingancin zai ragu, kuma kayayyakin lalacewa za su damu da fata yayin lalacewa, kuma kwayoyin cututtuka da suka yadu za su haifar da cututtukan mutum.

Gidajen da ke da ruwa ba kawai sun dace da maganin acne ba, har ma don maganin acne.

Kafa tsarin rigakafi mai rigakafi

Don kawar da gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu na wipes masu ruwa, an ƙara ruwan wipes masu ruwa (mai kiyayewa / mai kashe fungicide) zuwa wipes masu ruwa don kashe da hana ƙwayoyin cuta da haifukansu, wanda ke taka rawa wajen hana wipes masu ruwa daga lalacewa da lalacewa.

1. Ma'anar ruwan wanka mai zafi (mai kiyayewa / mai kashe fungi)

A takaice, ruwan wanka mai zafi (mai kiyayewa / mai kashe fungi) yana nufin abubuwan da za su iya hana girman ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin wipes mai zafi, rawar ruwan wipes mai zafi (mai kiyayewa / mai kashe fungi) shine kare samfurin daga gurɓataccen kwayoyin cuta da tsawaita rayuwar samfurin; tabbatar da amincin samfurin da hana masu amfani daga yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar amfani da samfuran da ƙwayoyin cuta suka gurbata. Ana gurbatar da wipes masu danshi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ya haifar da lalacewa, gabaɗaya, ana iya nunawa a cikin bayyanar. Misali, mold da yisti sau da yawa suna bayyana a gefen marufin samfurin; kayayyakin da ƙwayoyin cuta suka gurbata suna bayyana da turbid, ruwan sama, canza launi, canza darajar pH, kumfa, canza dandano, kuma idan emulsion ne, zai iya karya kuma ya samar da ƙwayoyi. Idan adadin ruwan da aka ƙara ba ya isa, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya daidaitawa da yanayin girma da ke kewaye da su kuma haɓaka juriya ga magunguna, wanda ke haifar da gazawar kiyayewa.

2. Tsarin aiki na ruwan wanka mai ruwa (mai kiyayewa / kashe fungicide)

Rayuwa da haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wipes masu ruwa ya dogara da wasu abubuwan muhalli: bangarorin jiki sun haɗa da zafin jiki, darajar pH na muhalli, matsin lamba na osmotic, radiation, matsin lamba na tsayayye; sinadarai. Akwai tushen ruwa, abubuwan gina jiki (C, N, P, S), oxygen, da abubuwan haɓaka na halitta.

Bisa ga wannan, za a iya taƙaita tsarin aikin kayan kiyayewa kamar haka:

1) Ga yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta, kewayon pH mafi dacewa don girma kusan tsaka tsaki ne (6.5 ~ 7.5). Acids masu ƙarfi da tushe masu ƙarfi ba su dace da girman ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Misali, kayayyakin acid na 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullun suna da tasirin kiyayewa mafi kyau fiye da kayayyakin tsaka tsaki;

2) Ƙara ko rage matsin lamba na osmotic na iya haifar da fashewar membranes na ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma yana iya haifar da raguwar membrane da dehydration;

3) Bugu da ƙari, tashin hankali na farfajiyar yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ke shafar ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin wasu tsari tare da yawan ƙididdigar surfactant, ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da sauƙi su girma. A wannan batun, cationic surfactants suna aiki sosai, yayin da anions da non-ions ke da ƙananan guba ga ƙwayoyin cuta.

4) A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, mafi dacewar zafin jiki don samar da kwayoyin cuta shine 30 ℃ ~ 37 ℃, yayin da molds da yist suke 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, don haka ana iya amfani da kashe cututtukan cututtukan zafin jiki mai yawa, amma ƙwayoyin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututt

Tasirin ruwan wanka mai zafi (mai kiyayewa / mai kashe fungi) akan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samun tasiri ne kawai lokacin da yake cikin tuntuɓar kai tsaye da ƙwayoyin cuta a isasshen haɗin kai. Ruwan da ke shafa ruwa na farko ya tuntuɓi membrane na waje na ƙwayoyin halitta, ya shafa, ya wuce ta hanyar membrane na ƙwayoyin halitta zuwa cikin cytoplasm, sannan ya iya amfani da tasirinsa a sassa daban-daban, yana hana haifuwar ƙwayoyin halitta ko kashe shi. A gaskiya, galibi tasirin kayan kiyayewa ne a kan bangon ƙwayoyin halitta da membranes na ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma a kan ayyukan enzymes waɗanda ke shafar canjin ƙwayoyin halitta ko a kan tsarin kwa

3. Hanya gurɓataccen tsari

Dangane da tushen gurɓataccen kwayoyin cuta, za mu iya hana gurɓataccen kwayoyin cuta daga dukkan bangarori:

1) Hanya gurɓataccen kayan aiki

Akwai nau'ikan wipes masu zafi da kayan da ba a saka su ba da takardun wanka masu zafi, mafi yawansu ba a kashe su ba kuma suna da yanayi don girma da haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin kwayoyin cuta na Gram-negative na iya girma da kyau a matsakaici, kuma kwayoyin cuta na Gram, musamman monosaccharides, sau da yawa suna bayyana a mafi yawan kafofin watsa labarai masu wanka. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ruwa mai yawa wajen samar da wipes masu zafi, wanda kuma zai iya kawo kwayoyin cuta cikin samfurin da aka gama. Gabaɗaya, ingancin masana'antun da ba a saka su ba da takardun wanka masu ruwa suna ƙayyade ingancin samfurin da aka gama. Saboda haka, a cikin tsarin samar da wipes masu danshi, dole ne a kafa tsarin gwajin albarkatun kasa, tsara alamun ƙwayoyin cuta na albarkatun kasa, da kuma ɗaukar hanyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu tsanani. Ana gurbatar da albarkatun kasa da sauƙi yayin adanawa, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da kwantena masu hana zafi a ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki da rayuwar sabis.

Don albarkatun kasa da ƙwayoyin cuta suka gurbata, ana amfani da sterilization na zafi, sterilization na ultraviolet, sterilization na tacewa, sterilization na sedimentation da sauran hanyoyin. Hanyoyin sterilization na zafi suna da inganci sosai wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya.

Masu wanka masu danshi yawanci suna amfani da ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi ko ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi, wanda zai samar da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban bayan an adana su na 'yan kwanaki. Don tabbatar da ingancin ruwa, ya kamata a gwada kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwa kowace rana. Idan babu matsaloli masu bayyane da suka faru, za a iya rage yawan gwajin, amma dole ne wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin da aka tabbatar da tasiri. Koyaya, don na'urar sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta da kowane wurin ruwa a cikin tsarin sarrafa ruwa, ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako. Idan sakamakon gwajin wani wurin shan ruwa ya wuce misali, dole ne a gudanar da cikakken bincike har sai an gano dalilin kuma an dauki matakan da suka dace don gyara shi.

2) Hanya gurɓataccen muhalli da kayan aiki

Tsarin tsarin iska a cikin yanayin samarwa ya bambanta da takamaiman buƙatun kowane yanki na ​​ masana'antu. Ya kamata ya yi la'akari da ingancin iska da ake buƙata don aiki a wannan yankin, wanda zai buƙaci tsarin sarrafa iska daban-daban, waɗanda aka tsara bisa ingancin iska da ake buƙata ga kowane yankin sabis. Tsarin waɗannan tsarin dole ne ya yi la'akari da bangarori da yawa, gami da ingancin iska mai shiga, zafin jiki, zafi, kudin musayar da buƙatun tsabtace iska na tsarin tsarin, kuma ya yi la'akari da wurin da ke da abubuwan shiga / fitarwa da kuma tsarin bututun da ke sarrafa tsarin kwararar iska.

A yankuna masu zafi, bango, rufi, bene, kwayoyi, kayan motsawa, bututun abinci da kayan aiki suna buƙatar tsaftacewa da kashewa a kai a kai saboda waɗannan wurare suna taimakawa ci gaba da haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Masu kashe kwayoyin cuta da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da sodium hypochlorite, formaldehyde, Sanisol, chlorhexidine acetate da ethanol.

3) Hanya gurɓataccen marufi

Kayan marufi marasa tsabta (gundumuka, kwalabe, rufe) na iya haifar da gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta na wipes masu ruwa kuma ana buƙatar tsaftacewa kafin amfani. Takaddun marufi yana daya daga cikin matakan kiyaye ingancin wipes masu ruwa. Kulawa da samfurin iri ɗaya yana da tasiri daban-daban akan hana gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta dangane da nau'in marufi. Tasirin marufin famfo don wipes na lotion ya fi kyau; Sakamakon amfani da murfin dunƙula don shampoo ya fi na murfin motsawa.

4) Hanya gurɓataccen mai aiki

Fatar mutum, hanci, kunnuwa, baki, da dai sauransu duk suna da kwayoyin cuta. Idan tawul ya yi danshi na wani lokaci, zai ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa (gami da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau na Gram). Saboda haka, kyakkyawan tsabtace mutum hanya ce mai inganci don sarrafa gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta. Ma'aikatan da ba sa yin tsaro mai kyau za su sa duk ayyukan da aka ambata a sama ba su da tasiri. Duk da mafi kyawun kayan aiki, kayan aiki, hanyoyi da kyakkyawan tsaftacewa da tsaftacewa, har yanzu gurɓataccen yanayi na iya faruwa. Ya kamata a saka tufafi na musamman na tsabtace, hats na tsabtace, da takalma na tsabtace don tsabtace, kuma ya kamata a kashe hannun ma'aikatan samarwa. Gabaɗaya, ana wanke shi da sabulu da ruwa da farko sannan an nutse shi a cikin magungunan kashe cututtuka da ke dauke da chlorine ko 75% ethanol, ko kashe cututtuka da sabon chlorhexidine da chlorhexidine acetate.